论兽医科技进步与公共卫生安全

作者从兽医学的基本概念入手，综述了医学科技影响下的兽医科技进步状况，分析了随着医学科技进步而发展的兽医科学技术与公共卫生的关系，论证了兽医科技进步对公共卫生安全存在的优势和隐患。并对构建和谐的兽医科技进步与公共卫生关系进行了展望。     

我国西部地区基层兽医包虫病认知情况及其影响因素

为掌握我国包虫病流行区基层兽医对包虫病防控相关知识的认知情况,分析影响其认知的可能因素,选择我国西部5省区共312名基层兽医作为研究对象进行问卷调查。问卷共包含基础知识和专业知识两部分。计算每个知识点的知晓率,并比较不同人群是否存在差异。结果显示:基层兽医对包虫病防控知识的总知晓率为62.03%,其中基础知识知晓率较高,平均为74.34%,专业知识知晓率较低,平均为47.80%;不同人群对包虫病的知晓程度有差异,来自青海省和新疆维吾尔自治区的基层兽医对包虫病认知明显高于其他省区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);女性、具有大专及以上教育程度的基层兽医认知水平较高。结果表明,包虫病流行区基层兽医对包虫病的认知水平总体偏低,应加强对基层兽医的宣传与教育,尤其应开展包虫病防治知识和防治政策等专业性培训,并保证宣教的持续性和系统性。     

基层兽医在猪病治疗中存在问题及改进措施

细菌疾病诊断治疗是基层兽医工作的重要内容,更是防范传染性疾病发生流行,保障动物健康生长的关键环节。在进行疾病诊治中,一旦出现误诊或者治疗方法不当,药物使用不科学不仅会影响动物的身体健康,还会威胁畜禽动物的生命安全,造成养殖户直接经济损失。该文主要论述基层兽医在猪病诊疗中存在的问题进行论述,并提出改进措施。     

引领行业发展保障食品安全---第二届兽药大会札记

第二届中国兽药大会在南京召开。与会领导总结我国兽医事业取得成果,探讨兽医行业发展规划,明确兽药行业发展目标。多位专家分别就猪病、禽病防控,兽药新技术作了专题报告。大会还邀请国际专家介绍国外兽药管理情况。     

Farrier services at veterinary teaching hospitals in the USA

Horse health is best served when farriers and veterinarians collaborate in the care of their patients. Veterinary Teaching Hospitals (VTHs) provide an environment that can nurture that collaboration. While VTH veterinary services are well known, VTH farrier activities are undocumented. To characterise farrier services at VTHs in the USA, 27 VTH Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons and/or VTH farriers completed a multiple choice questionnaire characterising VTH farrier details, training, certification, remuneration method, and clinical, teaching and research responsibilities; and farrier service prevalence, facilities and financial viability. Questionnaire response rate was 81%. Eighteen of 22 (82%) responding VTHs had in‐house farrier services. Twenty‐one of 22 (95%) VTH farriers were male. Farriers' ages ranged from <30 years (n = 1, 5%) to >50 years (n = 7, 32%). At 11 (61%) VTHs the farriers were paid by the client and at 7 (39%) by the VTH. Five farriers (23%) received a VTH salary. Eighteen of 22 (82%) farriers had a professional certification. At 5 (28%) VTHs the farrier service made a profit and operational costs were met at 13 (72%). Fifteen (83%) farrier services provided professional education in clinical settings and 13 (72%) in lecture settings. Nine (41%) VTH farriers participated in research activities. In the USA, VTH farrier services vary considerably in both nature and extent. The farriers' potential contributions to VTH operations are often recognised but not consistently exploited. VTH farriers are a valuable resource who can contribute effectively toward VTH patient care, veterinary education and research.     

A survey of the risk of zoonoses for veterinarians

The objectives of this study were to identify factors associated with zoonotic infections in veterinarians, the incidence of physician consultation and treatment and the incidence of diagnostic and treatment errors. Veterinarians in any area of practice were solicited to participate in an online survey through an invitation letter sent to the Oregon Veterinary Medical Association. Proportions of respondents to various factors were analyzed for differences among gender, age, time since graduation and type of practice in which they worked. In all, 216 complete responses were received. In all, 13.9% of respondents had never been vaccinated against rabies, and 20.8% had been exposed to suspect rabid animals, mostly (64.4%) a single time. Other zoonoses were reported by 47.2% of respondents: mostly diseases transmitted via contact (57.4%) especially ringworm, followed by those with oral transmission (21.7%). Most zoonotic infections were reportedly acquired by young veterinarians working in primary care veterinary practice. Cats were the species most commonly reported as the animal source of a zoonotic infection. Veterinarians likely self-diagnosed zoonotic diseases, especially those transmitted by contact. Medical care providers were consulted for diagnosis of more serious diseases. Diagnosis and treatment errors were uncommon. Results of this study emphasize the need to educate future veterinarians during their early years in veterinary school about the risks associated with their future jobs.     

中国兽医协会的建立与管理模式研究

根据行业协会基础理论,结合我国兽医管理需要提出中国兽医协会的性质、定义和宗旨。依据《社会团体登记管理条例》,结合本行业实际,归纳出通俗易懂,便于操作的中国兽医协会建立(登记)程序。通过研究分析发现传统的自上而下和自发模式都不适用于中国兽医协会的建立,而介于两种模式之间的中间模式是本协会的最佳建立模式。提出了制约中国兽医协会建立的四方面因素,认为其中政府因素起主导作用。全面阐明了中国兽医协会运作机制。会员的入会机制、条件、程序、会员的种类;设置了中国兽医协会组织结构、组织机构、提出了组织机构的职能;参考国外兽医协会,结合我国兽医行业发展需要设置了八个分支机构,并分别规定了会员范围和职能;设置了办事机构,并制定了相应职能;提出协会资金筹措渠道;最后总结出中国兽医协会的职能。总结出以登记管理、运行管理、组织管理等为主线的中国兽医协会管理模式。该管理模式是作者首次提出我国包括行业协会在内的非政府组织最清晰、最适用的管理模式。     

全国执业兽医资格考试引入机考方式分析

全国执业兽医资格考试至今已举办9年,约11万人通过考试取得了执业兽医资格,为提升国家兽医服务水平,保障"四个安全"提供了强有力的人才支撑。自2009年以来的全国执业兽医资格考试纸笔考试在考试设计上成效显著,但受到纸笔考试方式的制约,保密压力大、考务成本高、考生作答不便、作弊风险大、考查形式单一等问题也影响着考试工作的发展。2018年全国执业兽医资格考试在辽宁、河南、上海、重庆开展计算机考试试点,取得了初步成功。计算机考试具有实施高效、成本低、保密和作弊风险小、作答便利、考查手段丰富等优势。通过考试方式的转变,为更加全面评价兽医人员的执业水平提供新的探索方式。